Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
Volume 120, Issue 1-2, Pages 170-179Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00421-0
Keywords
autism spectrum disorders; adaptive immune responses; innate immunity
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We determined innate and adaptive immune responses in children with developmental regression and autism spectrum disorders (ASD, N = 71), developmentally normal siblings (N = 23), and controls (N = 17). With lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a stimulant for innate immunity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 59/71 (83.1%) ASD patients produced > 2 SD above the control mean (CM) values of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and/or IL-6 produced by control PBMCs. ASD PBMCs produced higher levels of proinflammatory/counter-regulatory cytokines without stimuli than controls. With stimulants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), tetanus, IL-12p70, and IL-18, PBMCs from 47.9% to 60% of ASD patients produced > 2 SD above the CM values of TNF-alpha depending on stimulants. Our results indicate excessive innate immune responses in a number of ASD children that may be most evident in TNF-alpha production. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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