Journal
AUTOPHAGY
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages 1167-1178Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/auto.28678
Keywords
HIV-1; autophagy; long-term nonprogressors; elite controllers; cell death; AMBRA1; BECN1; ATG5
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Funding
- Ministry for Health of Italy (Ricerca Corrente)
- Ministry for Health of Italy (Ricerca AIDS) [RF-IMI-2009-1303225]
- Italian Ministry of University and Research (FIRB)
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Recent in vitro studies have suggested that autophagy may play a role in both HIV-1 replication and disease progression. In this study we investigated whether autophagy protects the small proportion of HIV-1 infected individuals who remain clinically stable for years in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, these named long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) and elite controllers (EC). We found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the HIV-1 controllers present a significantly higher amount of autophagic vesicles associated with an increased expression of autophagic markers with respect to normal progressors. Of note, ex vivo treatment of PBMC from the HIV-1 controllers with the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin results in a more efficient autophagic response, leading to a reduced viral production. These data lead us to propose that autophagy contributes to limiting viral pathogenesis in HIV-1 controllers by targeting viral components for degradation.
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