Incidence of patulin in apple juices marketed in Turkey

The purpose of this study was to investigated the patulin contamination of apple juices consumed by the Turkish population. Patulin was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 280 nm, and the identification of patulin was further confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Using HPLC, the recoveries were 79.9 +/- 6.7% and 83.7 +/- 4.6%, and the coefficients of variation were 8.4 and 5.5% for apple juices spiked with the known amounts of patulin (60 and 120 mug/liter, respectively). The minimum patulin level detected was 5 ng in a standard solution and 5 mug/liter in apple juices. The TLC method was used only to confirm patulin levels higher than 20 mug/liter (100 ng/spot) in apple juices. The total number of samples was 45. Patulin was present in detectable levels in 60% of apple juices at concentrations ranging from 19.1 to 732.8 mug/liter. Forty-four percent of the apple juice samples had patulin contamination levels higher than 50 mug/liter, which is the allowable upper limit in Turkey.