Journal
AUTOPHAGY
Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 1086-1089Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/auto.7138
Keywords
autophagy; bacterial DNA; CpG-ODN; TLR9; tumor cells
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Funding
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
- Fondation de l Avenir
- France Cancer and Association pour la Recherche sur le Cance
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In addition to its clean-up function, autophagy is considered as an innate immunity mechanism due to its role in the removal of intracellular pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of innate immunity involved in the recognition of a diverse array of microbial products. Recent works demonstrated that different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and single-strand RNA are able to induce autophagy via different TLRs in immune cells. In a recent report, we showed that bacterial CpG motifs, another PAMP, can induce autophagy in rodent and human tumor cell lines and that this process is TLR9-dependent. In addition, an increase in the number of autophagosomes can also be observed in vivo after the intratumoral injection of CpG motifs. These results extend the link between TLRs and autophagy to non-immune tumor cells and may be relevant for cancer treatment and more generally for gene therapy approaches in TLR9-positive tissues. In this addendum, we discuss the potential mechanisms and the consequences of the CpG-induced autophagy in tumor cells.
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