Journal
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
Volume 286, Issue 19, Pages 2413-2420Publisher
AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.19.2413
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW000007-12, T22 TW000001, D43-TW00007, D43 TW000007, T22-TW00001] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757, P30 AI027757-14] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD023412, R01 HD023412-13, HD-23412, R01 HD023412-11] Funding Source: Medline
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Context Breastfeeding among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with substantial risk of HIV-1 transmission, but little is known about the morbidity risks associated with formula feeding in infants of HIV-1-infected women in resource-poor settings. Objective To compare morbidity, nutritional status, mortality adjusted for HIV-1 status, and cause of death among formula-fed and breastfed infants of HIV-1-infected women. Design Randomized clinical trial conducted between 1992 and 1998. Setting Four antenatal clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants Of 401 live-born, singleton, or first-born twin infants of randomized HIV-1-seropositive mothers, 371 were included in the analysis of morbidity and mortality. Interventions Mothers were randomly assigned either to use formula (n=186) or to breastfeed (n=185) their infants. Main Outcome Measures Mortality rates, adjusted for HIV-1 infection status; morbidity; and nutritional status during the first 2 years of life. Results Two-year estimated mortality rates among infants were similar in the formula-feeding and breastfeeding arms (20.0% vs 24.4%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-1.3), even after adjusting for HIV-1 infection status (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.7). infection with HIV-1 was associated with a 9.0-fold increased mortality risk (95% CI, 5.3-15.3). The incidence of diarrhea during the 2 years of follow-up was similar in formula and breastfeeding arms (155 vs 149 per 100 person-years, respectively). The incidence of pneumonia was identical in the 2 groups (62 per 100 person-years), and there were no significant differences in incidence of other recorded illnesses. Infants in the breastfeeding arm tended to have better nutritional status, significantly so during the first 6 months of life. Conclusions In this randomized clinical trial, infants assigned to be formula fed or breastfed had similar mortality rates and incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia during the first 2 years of life. However, HIV-1-free survival at 2 years was significantly higher in the formula arm. With appropriate education and access to clean water, formula feeding can be a safe alternative to breastfeeding for infants of HIV-1-infected mothers in a resource-poor setting.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available