Journal
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
Volume 89, Issue 11, Pages 957-968Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/hh2301.100350
Keywords
sphingomyelin; ceramide; sphingosine-1-phosphate; signal transduction; vascular cells
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Sphingolipids have emerged as a new class of lipid mediators. In response to various extracellular stimuli, sphingolipid turnover can be stimulated in vascular cells and cardiac myocytes. Subsequent generation of sphingolipid molecules such as ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, is followed by regulation of ion fluxes and activation of various signaling pathways leading to smooth muscle cell proliferation, endothelial cell differentiation or apoptotic cell death, cell contraction, retraction, or migration. The importance of sphingolipids in cardiovascular signaling is illustrated by recent observations implicating them in physiological processes such as vasculogenesis as well as in frequent pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis and its complications.
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