Journal
SURFACE SCIENCE
Volume 494, Issue 3, Pages 166-182Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-6028(01)01481-9
Keywords
X-ray standing waves; angle resolved photoemission; surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; carbon; nitrogen atom; oxygen; halogens; noble gases; alkali metals; alkaline earth metals; aluminum; silicon; phosphorus; sulphur; chlorine; copper
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The results are reported of a series of experiments designed to characterise and calibrate the role of non-dipolar (notably electric quadrupole-dipole interference) effects in the angular distribution of photoelectron emission on structural studies of surfaces using normal incidence X-ray standing wavefield absorption. The values of the resulting backward/forward asymmetry parameter (relative to the photon propagation direction) have been measured for Is emission at photon energies around 3 keV for first and second row elements from C to Cl. and are compared with recent theoretical determinations. The influence of additional non-dipole interference terms in the coherent X-ray standing wave has also been determined for the case of Al Ls emission and found to be weak. typically introducing systematic errors in atomic positions of only around 0.02-0.04 Angstrom. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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