Journal
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
Volume 18, Issue -, Pages 18S-23SPublisher
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.01.00229501
Keywords
airway obstruction; asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; histopathology; inflammation; morphology
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This review focuses on the major cellular and structural changes present in the airways and lung parenchyma in asthma in comparison with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in an attempt to underline the possible mechanisms contributing to airflow limitation in these two diseases. Both asthma and COPD are characterized by a thickening of the airway wall and by the presence of an inflammatory process, but the inflammatory cells infiltrating the airway wall differ between the two diseases. In asthma, the most striking feature is the eosinophilic infiltration, whereas, in COPD, it is the CD8 T-lymphocytic infiltration of the airway wall. In the lung parenchyma, both diseases are characterized by an inflammatory process, whereas destruction and fibrosis of the alveolar walls occur in COPD but not in asthma. These cellular and structural changes may contribute to the development of airflow limitation (that characterizes both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) by inducing either an increase in resistance or a decrease in driving pressure.
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