Journal
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
Volume 12, Issue 10, Pages 976-989Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004
Keywords
Vitamin D; 25(OH)D level; Falls; Fractures; Cardiovascular; Cancer; Immunity; Autoimmunity; Fertility; Pregnancy; Infancy; Infections; Mortality; Dementia
Categories
Funding
- Grant of MNiSW [5412/B/P01/2010/39]
- EU [POIG.02.01.00-14-059/09]
- NIH CTSI Grant [UL1-RR025771]
- Thrasher Research Fund, NIH [RR01070, UL1 RR029882]
- Children's Memorial Health Institute [S109/2009, 181/2007]
- Alzheimer's Association Grant [NIRG-11-200737]
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Medicine
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Background: Optimal vitamin D intake and its status are important not only for bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also for overall health and well-being. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as a global health problem are likely to be a risk for wide spectrum of acute and chronic illnesses. Methods: A review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other evidence of vitamin D action on various health outcomes. Results: Adequate vitamin D status seems to be protective against musculoskeletal disorders (muscle weakness, falls, fractures), infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, several types of cancer, neurocognitive dysfunction and mental illness, and other diseases, as well as infertility and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for the spectrum of disorders. Supplementation guidance and population strategies for the eradication of vitamin D deficiency must be included in the priorities of physicians, medical professionals and healthcare policy-makers. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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