Injuries of the inferior vena cava

Injuries of the inferior vena cava are often fatal, with death most commonly caused by intraoperative exsanguination. Knowledge of the anatomy and exposure techniques of the inferior vena cava is essential. Most injuries inferior to the retrohepatic zone of the vena cava can be repaired by lateral suture techniques. Wounds that have spontaneously stopped bleeding, especially those in the retrohepatic segment, can be managed expectantly.