Journal
NATURE
Volume 414, Issue 6866, Pages 887-889Publisher
MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD
DOI: 10.1038/414887a
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There is a long-standing debate about whether spin-charge separation is the root cause of the peculiar normal-state properties and high superconducting transition temperatures of the high-Tc materials. In the proposed(1) state of matter, the elementary excitations are not electron-like, as in conventional metals, but rather the electron 'fractionalizes' to give excitations that are chargeless spin-1/2 fermions (spinons) and charge +e bosons (chargons). Although spin-charge separation has been well established in one dimension, the theoretical situation for two dimensions is controversial and experimental evidence for it in the high-Tc materials is indirect. A model(2) with sharp experimental tests for a particular type of separation in two dimensions has recently been proposed. Here we report the results of those experimental tests, placing a conservative upper limit of 190 K on the energy of the proposed topological defects known as visons. There is still debate(3) about the extent to which this experiment can settle the issue of spin-charge separation in the high-T-c copper oxides, because some forms of the separation are able to avoid the need for visons. But at least one class(4-6) of theories that all predict a vortex-memory effect now are unlikely models for the copper oxides.
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