Genetic identification of two functional regions in the antitoxin of the parD killer system of plasmid R1

We report the identification and genetic analysis of mutants in the antitoxin of the parD (kis, kid) killer system of plasmid R1. Missense mutants placed at codons 10, 11 12 and 18 maintained the antitoxin activity of Kis, but not the ability of this protein to co-regulate the parD system together with the Kid toxin. Deletion of the last 33 amino acids of Kis inactivated the antitoxin activity of the protein and reduced substantially, but not completely, its regulatory activity. These results define two functional regions in Kis: an amino-terminal region which is specifically involved in regulation, and a carboxy-terminal region of the protein, which is important both for its regulatory and antitoxin activities. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies.