Journal
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 214, Issue 1, Pages 17-29Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2422
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Calcium is tightly regulated in mammals because of the critical role of calcium ion concentrations in many physiological functions. In this work, we develop a model for calcium homeostasis and identify integral feedback control as a functional module that maintains this homeostasis. We argue that maintaining calcium concentrations in a narrow range and perfect adaptation seen when the calcium homeostatic mechanism is subjected to extreme disturbances are the result of a feedback control system implementing integral control through specific interactions of the regulating hormones. Based on the constraints imposed by the suggested integral control, we arrive at a simple dynamical model for calcium homeostasis. We show that the model is biologically plausible and is consistent with known physiology. Furthermore, the utility of the integral-feedback model is revealed by examining an extreme calcium perturbation, parturient paresis in dairy cows. (C) 2002 Academic Press.
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