Journal
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
Volume 451, Issue -, Pages 239-260Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112001006504
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Density-driven instabilities between miscible fluids in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell are investigated by means of experimental measurements, as well as two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations. The experiments focus on the early stages of the instability growth, and they provide detailed information regarding the growth rates and most amplified wavenumbers as a function of the governing Rayleigh number Ra. They identify two clearly distinct parameter regimes: a low-Ra, 'Hele-Shaw' regime in which the dominant wavelength scales as Ra(-1), and a high-Ra 'gap' regime in which the length scale of the instability is 5 +/- 1 times the gap width. The experiments are compared to a recent linear stability analysis based on the Brinkman equation. The analytical dispersion relationship for a step-like density profile reproduces the experimentally observed trend across the entire Ra range. Nonlinear simulations based on the two- and three-dimensional Stokes equations indicate that the high-Ra regime is characterized by an instability across the gap, wheras in the low-Ra regime a spanwise Hele-Shaw mode dominates.
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