Journal
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 210-226Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-001-0003-3
Keywords
16S rDNA; 28S rDNA; Morphology; Braconid wasp; ectoparasitism; endoparasitism; tRNA gene rearrangement
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We investigated the phylogeny of the Braconidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) with a much expanded data set compared with that of previous attempts, employing 16S and 28S rDNA gene fragments, together with a suite of morphological characters, from 74 in-group taxa. Most notably, parsimony analyses under a range of models recovered the Aphidiinae as sister group to the cyclostomes and the Ichneutinae as sister group to the microgastroids. The cyclostomes were recovered as a natural group only if certain, putatively misplaced genera (Mesostoa, Aspilodemon) were excluded from them. Further, mapping of rearrangement characters onto this phylogeny of the Braconidae indicated parallel inversions of the mt-tRNA(D) gene, with the two instances of inversion distinguishable by the presence or absence of an additional tRNA gene (tRNA(H)). This is the first report of a parallel inversion of a mt-tRNA gene and makes the Braconidae the first metazoan family to display both parallel inversions and translocations.
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