Flow visualization around a circular cylinder near to a plane wall

Flow visualization, particle image velocimetry and hot-film anemometry have been employed to study the fluid flow around a circular cylinder near to a plane wall for Reynolds numbers, based on cylinder diameter, between 1200 and 4960. The effect of changing the gap between the cylinder and the wall, G, from G = 0 (cylinder touching the wall) to G/D = 2, was investigated. It is shown that the flow may be characterized by four distinct regions. (a) For very small gaps, G/D less than or equal to 0(.)125, the gap flow is suppressed or extremely weak, and separation of the boundary layer occurs both upstream and downstream of the cylinder. Although there is no regular vortex shedding, there is a periodicity associated with the outer shear-layer. (b) In the small gap ratio region, 0(.)125 < G/D < 0(.)5, the flow is very similar to that for very small gaps, except that there is now a pronounced pairing between the inner shear-layer shed from the cylinder and the wall boundary layer. (c) Intermediate gap ratios, 0(.)5 < G/D < 0(.)75, are characterized by the onset of vortex shedding from the cylinder. (d) For the fourth region, characterized by the largest gap ratios considered, G/D > 1(.)0, there is no separation of the wall boundary layer, either upstream or downstream of the cylinder. (C) 2002 Academic Press.