Decreased trabecular bone biomechanical competence, apparent density, IGF-II and IGFBP-5 content in acromegaly

Background Earlier studies on the effect of excess growth hormone (GH) on trabecular bone have been conflicting. Since insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) in part mediate the effects of GH, the present study aimed to investigate trabecular bone composition of these growth factors in relation to biomechanical properties in acromegaly. Materials and methods Trabecular bone biomechanical competence (compression test), apparent density (peripheral quantitative computed tomography, pQCT), and bone matrix contents of calcium (HCl hydrolysis) and IGFs (guanidinium-HCl extraction) were measured in iliac crest biopsies from 13 patients with active acromegaly (two women and 11 men, aged 21-61 years) and 21 age- and sex-matched controls (four women and 17 men, aged 23-64 years). Results Trabecular bone pQCT was reduced in acromegalic patients compared with controls (P = 0.005), as was biomechanical competence (P < 0.05 for all measures). These parameters were significantly positively correlated in both acromegalic patients and controls. The calcium content of trabecular bone was significantly increased in patients compared with controls. No significant differences were found in trabecular bone content of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, or osteocalcin. However, IGF-II and IGFBP-5 content was decreased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions The present study demonstrates reduced trabecular biomechanical competence and apparent density in acromegaly, supporting previous observations of an unfavourable effect of chronic excess GH on the axial skeleton. Furthermore, we demonstrate decreased trabecular bone content of IGF-II and IGFBP-5 in these patients. However, we found no direct causal relationship between trabecular bone density and bone content of IGF-system components.