Journal
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
Volume 452, Issue -, Pages 189-197Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112001007194
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Liquid helium at 4.2 K has a viscosity that is about 40 times smaller than that of water at room temperature, and about 600 times smaller than that of air at atmospheric pressure. It is therefore a convenient fluid for generating in a table-top apparatus turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers that require large air and water facilities. Here we produce turbulence behind towed grids in a liquid helium chamber that is 5 cm(2) in cross-section at mesh Reynolds numbers of up to 7 x 10(5). Liquid nitrogen is intermediate in its viscosity as well as refrigeration demands, and so we also exploit its use to generate towed-grid turbulence up to mesh Reynolds number of about 2 x 10(4). In both instances, we map two-dimensional fields of velocity vectors using particle image velocimetry, and compare the data with those in water and air.
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