Material design of ionic liquids to show temperature-sensitive LCST-type phase transition after mixing with water

Phosphonium cations bearing different alkyl chains were coupled with several common anions so as to prepare ionic liquids (ILs) with diverse hydrophobicity. A temperature-driven phase behaviour of the mixture of various ILs and water has been examined. A few ILs were found to exhibit temperature-sensitive lower critical solution temperature (LCST)type phase transition after mixing with water. The phase separation temperature (T-c) of the IL/water mixtures depended strongly on the hydrophobicity of the component ions as well as mixing ratio. The number of water molecules per ion pair in the IL phase (m(water)) increased dramatically upon cooling. The temperature dependence of this parameter was found to be useful to predict the possibility of the ILs to show the LCST-type phase behaviour after mixing with water. Since the value of mwater depended on the ion structure, especially on the hydrophobicity, the T-c was accurately set out by suitably mixing two ILs with different hydrophobicity.