4-(4-cycloalkyl/aryl-oxazol-5-yl)benzenesulfonamides as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors:: Enhancement of the selectivity by introduction of a fluorine atom and identification of a potent, highly selective, and orally active COX-2 inhibitor JTE-5221

A series of 4-(4-cycloalkyl/aryl-oxazol-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their abilities to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzymes. In this series, substituent effects at the ortho position to the sulfonamide group on the phenyl ring were examined. Most substituents reduced or lost both COX-2 and COX-1 activities. In contrast, introduction of a fluorine atom preserved COX-2 potency and notably increased COX-1/COX-2 selectivity. This work led to the identification of a potent, highly selective, and orally active COX-2 inhibitor JTE-522 [9d, 4-(4-cyclohexyl-2-methyloxazol-5-yl)2-fluorobenzenesulfonamide], which is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and acute pain.