Application of protein-to-fiber ratios to predict colobine abundance on different spatial scales

The biomass of arboreal folivorous primates in Africa and Asia is related to an index of mature leaf quality : the ratio of protein-to-fiber concentration. Investigations have considered variation in folivore biomass and forest composition among sites separated by hundreds or thousands of km. However, large variation in folivore abundance has been documented over much smaller spatial scales. We quantify the degree to which the average protein-to-fiber ratio of mature leaves of the 20 most abundant tree species predicts the biomass of western red colobus (Piliocolobus trephosceles) and black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) over very small spatial scales. Four sites within Kibale National Park, Uganda, varied markedly in forest structure. Colobine biomass varied among sites from 191 to 2675 kg/km(2) and was related to the average protein-to-fiber ratio of mature leaves of the 20 most abundant tree species at each site. We examined the generality of the relationship between protein-to-fiber ratios and colobine abundance by adding our biomass and leaf chemistry values to previously published values to produce 9 comparable sites. At these locations, colobine biomass varied from 84 to 2675 kg/km(2) (mean biomass among sites = 910 kg/km(2)), and mean protein/fiber ratios varied from 0.167 to 0.577. Colobine biomass was related to the protein-to-fiber ratios of mature leaves (R-2 = 0.616, P = 0.012).