Experimental analysis of the joint statistical properties of azimuth spread, delay spread, and shadow fading

Empirical results characterizing the joint statistical properties of the local azimuth spread (AS), the local delay spread (DS), and the shadow (slow) fading component are presented. Measurement data from typical urban, bad urban, and sub urban (SU) environments have been analyzed. It is found that a log-normal distribution accurately fits the distribution function of all the investigated parameters. The spatial autocorrelation function of both AS, DS, and shadow fading can be modeled with an exponential decay function. However, for SU environments the spatial autocorrelation function is better characterized by a composite of two exponential decaying functions. A positive cross correlation is found between the AS and the DS, while both parameters are negatively correlated with shadow fading. All essential parameters required for the implementation of a simulation model considering the joint statistical properties of the AS, DS, and shadow fading are provided.