Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
Volume 165, Issue 7, Pages 950-953Publisher
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.7.2102003
Keywords
obstructive sleep apnea; CPAP therapy; reactive hyperemia; vasodilation
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Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR10732] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL04190, K24 HL04011] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG12227] Funding Source: Medline
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Obstructive sleep apnea causes cardiovascular morbidity and premature death. Potential links between sleep apnea and cardiovascular complications are chronically elevated activity of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal vascular function. To explore vascular function, we determined the reactive hyperemic blood flow (RHBF) responses to 10 minutes of forearm arterial occlusion (plethysmography), blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) in eight patients with sleep apnea and in nine nonapneic control subjects. Peak RHBF and vascular conductance were markedly attenuated in sleep apnea compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). Seven sleep apnea patients were retested after at least two weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. MSNA decreased after CPAP therapy (p < 0.05, n = 6), whereas blood pressure did not change. After CPAP therapy, peak RHBF and vascular conductance were increased compared with before treatment (p < 0.05; n = 7). Thus, vascular function is abnormal in sleep apnea and is improved by CPAP therapy. Furthermore, effective CPAP therapy decreases sympathetic activity in sleep apnea. Thus, sympathoexcitation and abnormal vascular function in patients with sleep apnea appear to be linked to the repetitive nocturnal apneic events.
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