Journal
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Volume 47, Issue 11, Pages 1051-1057Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0004867413506754
Keywords
Adolescents; bipolar disorder; children; family environment; offspring
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Sao Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil (CNPq)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD)
- American Psychiatric Association/AstraZeneca Young Minds in Psychiatry International Awards
- L'Oreal-ABC-Unesco - Para Mulheres na Ciencia, Brazil.
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Objective: Children of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) are at heightened risk for developing mood and other psychiatric disorders. We proposed to evaluate the environment of families with at least one parent with BD type I (BDF) with affected offspring (aBDF) and unaffected offspring (uBDF) compared with control families without a history of DSM-IV Axis I disorder (CF). Method: We used the Family Environment Scale (FES) to evaluate 47 BDF (aBDF + uBDF) and 30 CF. Parents were assessed through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Diagnosis of the offspring was determined through the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children/Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) interview. Results: There were statistically significant differences between aBDF, uBDF and CF in cohesion (p = 0.003), intellectual-cultural orientation (p = 0.01), active-recreational orientation (p = 0.007), conflict (p = 0.001), control (p = 0.01), moral-religious emphasis (p = 0.01) and organization (p = 0.001). The aBDF showed higher levels of control (p = 0.02) when compared to the uBDF. Conclusions: Families with a BD parent presented more dysfunctional interactions among members. Moreover, the presence of BD or other psychiatric disorders in the offspring of parents with BD is associated with higher levels of control. These results highlight the relevance of psychosocial interventions to improve resilience and family interactions.
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