Novel chiral biferrocene ligands for palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions

Eleven novel aminophosphine ligands have been synthesized, all of which contain a chiral 2,2-bridged biferroceno unit as part of a biferrocenoazepine substructure. The efficiency of these compounds as chiral auxiliaries in palladium-mediated allylic substitution reactions has been investigated. Depending on the degree of (steric) fit between proper ligands and cyclic or noncyclic substrates, reactions with 46-87% ee were achieved. The molecular structure of a palladium dichloride complex of one of the ligands was determined by X-ray diffraction and compared to its binaphthyl analogue. In the solid state, the azepine substructure of these two complexes adopts totally different conformations with either local C-2 (binaphthyl) or local C-1 (biferrocene derivative) symmetry. These structural changes are well-reproduced by empirical force field calculations and are also reflected in significantly different behavior in asymmetric catalysis.