Journal
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 76, Issue 10, Pages 4688-4698Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.10.4688-4698.2002
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA082057, R01 CA091819, CA82057, CA91819] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR000168, RR00168, K26 RR000168] Funding Source: Medline
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Kaposi's sarcoma is an inflammatory cytokine-mediated angioproliferative disease which is triggered by infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV contains an open reading frame, K14, that has significant homology with cellular OX2, designated viral OX2 (vOX2). In this report, we demonstrate that vOX2 encodes a glycosylated cell surface protein with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa. Purified glycosylated vOX2 protein dramatically stimulated primary monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic Cells to produce the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, expression of vOX2 on B lymphocytes stimulated monocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines in mixed culture. These results demonstrate that like its cellular counterpart, vOX2 targets myeloid-lineage cells, but unlike cellular OX2, which delivers a restrictive signal, KSHV vOX2 provides an activating signal, resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this is a novel viral strategy where KSHV has acquired the cellular OX2 gene to induce inflammatory cytolkime production, which potentially promotes the cytokine-mediated angiogenic proliferation of KSHV-infected cells.
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