Residential load modeling for predicting distribution transformer load behavior, feeder load and cold load pickup

This paper presents a physically based model for computing the electric load on residential distribution feeders and on distribution transformers. The load is assumed to consist of electric space heating, electric water heating and other miscellaneous devices. Validation against field tests and field monitoring records shows the accuracy of the approach both for steady-state operation and for power restoration conditions. The magnitude and duration of cold load pickup is predicted more accurately with the approach presented than with previous models. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.