Journal
MICROBIOLOGY-SGM
Volume 148, Issue -, Pages 1427-1438Publisher
SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-5-1427
Keywords
antibiotic biosynthesis; gene cluster; cytochrome P450; ferredoxin; PBP
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The genetic organization of the region upstream of the car gene of the clavulanic acid biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus has been determined. Sequence analysis of a 12(.)1 kb region revealed the presence of 10 ORFs whose putative functions, according to database searches, are discussed. Three co-transcriptional units are proposed: ORF10-11, ORF12-13 and ORF15-16-17-18. Potential transcriptional terminators were identified downstream of ORF11 (fd) and ORF15. Targeted disruption of ORF10 (cyp) gave rise to transformants unable to produce clavulanic acid, but with a considerably higher production of cephamycin C. Transformants inactivated at ORF14 had a remarkably lower production of clavulanic acid and similar production of cephamycin C. Significant improvements of clavulanic acid production, associated with a drop in cephamycin C biosynthesis, were obtained with transformants of S. clavuligerus harbouring multiple copies of plasmids carrying different constructions from the ORF10-14 region. This information can be used to guide strain improvement programs, blending random mutagenesis and molecular cloning, to optimize the yield of clavulanic acid.
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