Presence of autoantibodies to the glycolytic enzyme α-enolase in sera from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To identify a new autoantigen/autoantibody population in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera. Methods. Following a population-based recruitment effort, 255 patients with very early arthritis (median disease duration 4 months) were studied using different clinical, biologic, and radiologic assessments. After a followup period of I year, patients were classified as having RA (n = 145), non-RA rheumatic diseases (n = 70), and undifferentiated arthritis (n = 40). Patients' sera were analyzed by one-dimensional (11)) and 2D Western blotting. The recognized 50-kd protein was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). RA serum reactivities were evaluated against the recombinant protein synthesized by an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. Results. On 1D Western blots, 36 of the 145 RA sera bound to a 50-kd polypeptide. On 2D Western blots, anti-50-kd+ RA sera recognized a triplet of isoelectric point 6.5-7.0 and a molecular mass of 50 kd. The 3 spots of the triplet were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and were shown to correspond to human alpha-enolase. A goat anti-enolase antiserum, which recognized a band comigrating with the 50-kd antigen on ID Western blots, gave a labeling pattern on 2D Western blots similar to that observed with anti-50-kd+ RA sera. Among the 36 RA sera that identified alpha-enolase in protein maps, only 8 recognized the recombinant (unmodified) a-enolase. The specificity of anti-alpha-enolase antibodies for RA was 97.1%. Half of the anti-alpha-enolase-positive RA patients were negative for both rheumatoid factor and anti-filaggrin antibodies. The presence of anti-alpha-enolase antibodies was the greatest predictive factor of radiologic progression in the first 66 RA patients included. Conclusion. Autoantibodies to a-enolase, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, are present in the sera of patients with very early RA and have potential diagnostic and prognostic value for RA.