Turbulent rotating convection: an experimental study

We present experimental measurements of velocity and temperature fields in horizontal planes crossing a cylindrical Rayleigh-Benard convection cell in steady rotation about its vertical axis. The range of dimensionless rotation rates 0 is from zero to 5 x 101 for a Rayleigh number R = 3.2 x 10(8). The corresponding range of convective Rossby numbers is infinity > Ro > 0.06. The patterns of velocity and temperature and the flow statistics characterize three basic flow regimes. For Ro > 1, the flow is dominated by vortex sheets (plumes) typical of turbulent convection without rotation. The flow patterns for Ro similar to 1 are cyclone-dominated, with anticyclonic vortices rare. As the Rossby number continues to decrease, the number of anticyclonic vortex structures begins to grow but the vorticity PDF in the vicinity of the top boundary layer still shows skewness favouring cyclonic vorticity. Velocity-averaging near the top of the cell suggests the existence of a global circulation pattern for Ro much greater than 1.