Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 99, Issue 10, Pages 6806-6811Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.092123699
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA054358, R37 CA54358, R01 CA065145, R01 CA65145, R37 CA054358, R37 CA054358-12] Funding Source: Medline
- NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD010793, HD-10793] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS30994, R01 NS030994] Funding Source: Medline
- Worldwide Cancer Research [99-0514] Funding Source: Medline
- Breast Cancer Now [2000:137] Funding Source: Medline
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CTCF, a conserved, ubiquitous, and highly versatile 11-zinc-finger factor involved in various aspects of gene regulation, forms methylation-sensitive insulators that regulate X chromosome inactivation and expression of imprinted genes. We document here the existence of a paralogous gene with the same exons encoding the 11-zinc-finger domain as mammalian CTCF genes and thus the same DNA-binding potential, but with distinct amino and carboxy termini. We named this gene BORIS for Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites. BORIS is present only in the testis, and expressed in a mutually exclusive manner with CTCF during male germ cell development. We show here that erasure of methylation marks during male germ-line development is associated with dramatic up-regulation of BORIS and down-regulation of CTCF expression. Because BORIS bears the same DNA-binding domain that CTCF employs for recognition of methylation marks in soma, BORIS is a candidate protein for the elusive epigenetic reprogramming factor acting in the male germ line.
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