Enzyme immobilization onto renewable polymeric matrixes: Past, present, and future trends

In this review, we present an overview of the different renewable polymers that are currently being used as matrixes for enzyme immobilization and their properties and of new developments in biocatalysts preparation and applications. Polymers obtained from renewable resources have attracted much attention in recent years because they are environmentally friendly and available in large quantities from natural sources. Different methods for the immobilization of enzymes with these matrixes are reviewed, in particular: (1) binding to a prefabricated biopolymer, (2) entrapment, and (3) crosslinking of enzyme molecules. Emphasis is given to relatively recent developments, such as the use of novel supports, novel entrapment methods and protocols of polymer derivatization, and the crosslinking of enzymes. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42125.