Hawthorn

A review with 54 references covers all aspects of hawthorn, the genus Crataegus, including its traditional LISPS, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and clinical effects. Although the effectiveness of hawthorn on the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has received extensive attention worldwide, farther scientific research on various areas such as pharmacokinetics, mechanism of actions will be necessary to ensure its safe and effective usage. (C) 2002 the American College of Clinical Pharmacology.