Journal
CANADIAN GEOTECHNICAL JOURNAL
Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 648-664Publisher
NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
DOI: 10.1139/T02-005
Keywords
circular anchor; uplift capacity; sand; critical embedment ratio; failure mechanism
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An experimental investigation of the uplift behaviour of relatively large scale model circular plate anchors up to 400 mm in diameter embedded in loose, medium-dense, and dense dry sand is described. Uplift capacity is strongly influenced by anchor diameter, embedment ratio, and sand density. In tests on shallow half-cut models, a gently curved rupture surface emerged from the top edge of the anchor to the sand surface at approximately phi/2 to the vertical, where phi is the angle of shearing resistance. For a deep anchor, a balloon-shaped rupture surface emerged at 0.8phi to the vertical immediately above the anchor and was confined within the sand bed. The load-displacement behaviour of full-shaped models was three-phase and two-phase for shallow and deep anchors, respectively. Alternative methods of determining the critical embedment ratio are considered, and values of 4.8, 5.9, and 6.8 are proposed for loose, medium-dense, and dense sand, respectively. Empirical equations are presented which yield breakout factors similar to those from many published laboratory and field studies.
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