Journal
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Volume 44, Issue 15, Pages 1913-1918Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.016
Keywords
Intake fraction; Vehicle emission; Regional pollutant transport; Carbon monoxide; Exposure
Funding
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [HKU 7145/07E]
- CIBSE HK Branch
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The intake fraction (iF) of nonreactive constituents of exhaust from mobile vehicles in the urban area of Hong Kong is investigated using available monitoring data for carbon monoxide (CO) as a tracer of opportunity. Correcting for regional transport of carbon monoxide into Hong Kong, the annual-average iF for nonreactive motor vehicle emissions within the city is estimated to be around 270 per million. This estimated iF is much higher than values previously reported for vehicle emissions in US urban areas. Helsinki and Beijing, and somewhat lower than those reported for a densely populated street canyon in downtown Manhattan, New York City, or for emissions into indoor environments. The reported differences in intake fractions in various cities mainly result from the differences in local population densities. Our analysis highlights the importance of accounting for the influence of upwind transport of pollutants when using ambient data to estimate iF for an urban area. For vehicle exhaust in Hong Kong, it is found that the in/near vehicle rnicroenvironment contributes similarly to the indoor home environment when accounting for the overall iF for children and adults. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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