Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 748-763Publisher
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2002.1008382
Keywords
face recognition; occlusions; expression-variant faces; learning from undersampled distributions; facial asymmetry; localization of faces; principal components analysis; pattern recognition
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The classical way of attempting to solve the face (or object) recognition problem is by using large and representative data sets. In many applications, though, only one sample per class is available to the system. In this contribution, we describe a probabilistic approach that is able to compensate for imprecisely localized, partially occluded, and expression-variant faces even when only one single training sample per class is available to the system. To solve the localization problem, we find the subspace (within the feature space, e.g., eigenspace) that represents this error for each of the training images. To resolve the occlusion problem, each face is divided into k local regions which are analyzed in isolation. In contrast with other approaches where a simple voting space is used, we present a probabilistic method that analyzes how good a local match is. To make the recognition system less sensitive to the differences between the facial expression displayed on the training and the testing images, we weight the results obtained on each local area on the basis of how much of this local area is affected by the expression displayed on the current test image.
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