Effect of simple motor performance on regional dopamine release in the striatum in Parkinson disease patients and healthy subjects: A positron emission tomography study

To investigate changes in dopamine release in the striatum during motor exercise in human subjects with and without striatal dopamine denervation, eight healthy subjects and eight patients with Parkinson disease (PD) were measured during unilateral foot extension/flexion movement using positron emission tomography with [C-11]raclopride. Five subjects in each group were later scanned in the resting condition. Estimation of binding potential (k(3)/k(4)) of [C-11]raclopride was based on Logan plot method. Significant reductions in [C-11]raclopride k(3)/k(4) were found in the dorsal putamen contralateral to the exercise side in the healthy group and ipsilaterally in the PD group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that [C-11]raclopride k(3)/k(4) correlated inversely with the decrease in performance (velocity and motion range) in the dorsal putamen contralaterally in the healthy group and ipsilaterally in the PD group. These results suggest that simple but laborious motor exercise (motor stimulation) generates significant dopamine release in the dorsal striatum contralateral to the motor execution in humans. Lack of the crossed pattern and ipsilateral increase in dopamine release in the dorsal striatum during the unilateral limb movement may reflect the pathophysiology for hypokinetic and insufficient coordinating movement in PD.