Interference during the use of an electromagnetic tracking system under OR conditions

Many computer-assisted surgery applications use electromagnetic tracking devices and several sources of interference may reduce the accuracy of this type of system in clinical situations. This study aims to quantify interference sources in an operating room (OR) and determine if their impact on the tracking system is excessive for applications requiring millimetric accuracy. Electromagnetic noise levels were measured in a controlled environment and compared with measurements in an OR. Errors generated by this noise remained below the 0.15 min RMS level. OR equipment was also brought in proximity to the electromagnetic receivers and the errors generated by the ensuing interference were measured. Ferromagnetic and electrical devices can produce large interference (translation errors Lip to 8.4 mm RMS and rotation Lip to 166degrees). However, these devices can be identified and placed at sufficient distances to decrease the magnitude of their interference. In conclusion, in the absence of significant ferromagnetic or electromagnetic distortion caused by equipment often present in an OR, this electromagnetic tracking system provides valid relative measurements with millimetric accuracy to computer-assisted surgical applications. This distortion can be reduced by maximizing the distances to the interfering OR equipment and integrating noise-reducing algorithms in associated software. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.