Congestive heart failure and expression of myocardial urotensin II

Background Human urotensin II has several cardiovascular actions, including potent vasoactive, and cardiac inotropic and hypertropic properties. Our aim was to ascertain degree of expression of urotensin II and its receptor GPR14 (now known as UT receptor) in the myocardium of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods We obtained specimens of myocardium from the hearts of 19 patients with end-stage CHF (12 ischaemic heart disease, seven dilated cardiomyopathy), five patients with early-stage CHF, and eight healthy controls. We used immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated urotensin II to ascertain degree of myocardial expression of urotensin II and binding urotensin receptor. Findings Our results showed strong expression of urotensin II in the cardiomyocytes, and to a lesser extent in the vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells of patients with end-stage CHF. There was significantly less urotensin II expression in the myocardium of patients with early-stage CHF (p<0.0001). Also, there was little to no urotensin II expression in the myocardium of healthy controls. Myocardial expression of urotensin II correlated significantly with left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (p=0.0092), and inversely with election fraction (p=0.0002). RT-PCR showed increased concentrations of urotensin II and presence of urotensin receptor mRNA in the myocardium of patients with CHF. The confocal microscopy results showed a significant increase in the binding sites for urotensin in the myocardium of patients with end-stage CHF (P<0.0001). Interpretation Our findings suggest a possible role for urotensin II in the cardiac dysfunction and remodelling characteristic of CHF.