Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 85, Issue 1-2, Pages 179-185Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00106-5
Keywords
low-level bioluminescence; CMOS microluminometer; bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC); biosensors; whole-cell sensors
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We report an integrated CMOS microluminometer optimized for the detection of low-level bioluminescence as part of the bioluminescent bioreporter integrated circuit (BBIC). This microluminometer improves on previous devices through careful management of the sub-femtoampere currents, both signal and leakage, that flow in the front-end processing circuitry. In particular, the photodiode is operated with a reverse bias of only a few mV, requiring special attention to the reset circuitry of the current-to-frequency converter (CFC) that forms the front-end circuit. We report a sub-femtoampere leakage current and a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 0.15 fA (1510 s integration time) using a room temperature 1.47 mm(2) CMOS photodiode. This microluminometer can detect luminescence from as few as 5000 fully induced Pseudomonas fluorescens 5RL bacterial cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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