Journal
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Volume 228, Issue 1, Pages 110-116Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.003
Keywords
HDL; Ischemia reperfusion injury; mPTP; TNF; STAT3; SAFE pathway
Funding
- Swiss South African Joint Research Programme [JRP 16]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [PBGEP3-125930, 31-135221]
- Fondation Gustave Prevot
- South African National Research Foundation
- University of Cape Town
- South African Medical Research Council
- COST Action [BM0904]
- Wolfermann Nageli Stiftung
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PBGEP3-125930] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Objective: High density lipoproteins (HDL) protect against ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However the precise mechanisms are not clearly understood. The novel intrinsic prosurvival signaling pathway named survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) path involves the activation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). SAFE plays a crucial role in cardioprotection against IRI. We propose that HDL protect against IRI via activation of the SAFE pathway and modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Methods and results: Isolated mouse hearts were subjected to global ischemia (35 min) followed by reperfusion (45 min). HDL were given during the first 7 min of reperfusion. In control hearts, the post-reperfusion infarct size was 41.3 +/- 2.3%. Addition of HDL during reperfusion reduced the infarct size in a dose-dependent manner (HDL 200 mu g protein/ml: 25.5 +/- 1.6%, p < 0.001 vs. control). This protective effect was absent in TNF deficient mice (TNF-KO) or cardiomyocyte-STAT3 deficient mice (STAT3-KO). Similarly, HDL, given as a preconditioning stimulus, improved cell survival and inhibited mPTP opening in isolated cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischemia. These protective responses were inhibited in cardiomyocytes from TNF-KO and STAT3-KO mice. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that HDL protect against IRI by inhibition of mPTP opening, an effect mediated via activation of the SAFE pathway. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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