Journal
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Volume 231, Issue 2, Pages 291-299Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.038
Keywords
Plant sterols; Non-cholesterol sterols; Cholesterol; HMG CoA reductase; ABCG5/8; NPC1L1; SOAT2; Atherosclerosis; Xanthoma
Funding
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Libyan Scholarship Program
- Manitoba Health Research Council Graduate Student Fellowship
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Sitosterolemia (STSL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, manifested by extremely elevated plant sterols (PS) in plasma and tissue, leading to xanthoma and premature atherosclerotic disease. Therapeutic approaches include limiting PS intake, interrupting enterohepatic circulation of bile acid using bile acid binding resins such as cholestyramine, and/or ileal bypass, and inhibiting intestinal sterol absorption by ezetimibe (EZE). The objective of this review is to evaluate sterol metabolism in STSL and the impact of the currently available treatments on sterol trafficking in this disease. The role of PS in initiation of xanthomas and premature atherosclerosis is also discussed. Blocking sterols absorption with EZE has revolutionized STSL patient treatment as it reduces circulating levels of non-cholesterol sterols in STSL. However, none of the available treatments including EZE have normalized plasma PS concentrations. Future studies are needed to: (i) explore where cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols accumulate, (ii) assess to what extent these sterols in tissues can be mobilized after blocking their absorption, and (iii) define the factors governing sterol flux. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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