Extended lymphadenectomy and preoperative radiotherapy for lower rectal cancers

Background. Extended-lymphadenectomy including lateral node dissection (EXT-L) contributes to a low incidence of local recurrence of lower rectal cancer. However, EXT-L is frequently associated with impairment of sexual and urinary function. We therefore compared the effectiveness of preoperative radiotherapy with that of EXT-L. Methods. One hundred fifteen Patients were studied. Seventy-eight patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy with a total dose of 50 Gy (Rad[+] group), and 37 did not (Rad[-] group). Seventy-five patients received EXT-L (EXT-L[+] group), and 40 did not (EXT-L[-] group). Patients were further divided into 4 subgroups (Rad[+]&EXT-L[-], Rad(+)&EXT-L[+], Rad[-]&EXT-L(+), and Rad[-]&EXT-L[-]), and clinicopathologic features were examined. In the Rod(+) group, the relation between the p53 gene and survival was also examined. Results. There was a significant difference in disease-free survival between the Rad(+) and Rad(-) groups (5-year disease-free survival rate, 74.6% vs 45.9%; P = .006). However, there was no significant difference between the Rad(+)&EXT-L[-] and Rad[-]&EXT-L(+) groups. The p53 gene status did not affect survival in the Rad(+) group. Conclusions. This study suggests that in terms of curative effect, preoperative radiotherapy can be one alternative therapy in place of EXT-L for patients With lower rectal cancer.