Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH
Volume 72, Issue 4, Pages 221-228Publisher
VERLAG HANS HUBER
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.72.4.221
Keywords
vitamin A; retinol; beta-carotene; nomadic pastoralists; milk; cattle; camels (Camelus dromedarius); N'Dama cattle; Chad; Cote d'Ivoire
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Human serum retinol and livestock milk retinol levels were assessed as part of a study on the health status of Chadian nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in close partnership between Chadian public health and livestock institutions. Of the examined women ( n=99), 43% were moderately retinol-deficient (0.35 mol/L < x < 0.7 mol/L 95% CI; 33-54%), and 17% severely retinol-deficient (<0.35 mol/L 95% CI; 10-26 %). None of the interviewed women (n = 87) reported the consumption of fruit, and only two of fresh vegetables were reported consumed in the past 24 hours. Milk is the almost exclusive source of vitamin A for these populations. Goats (n = 6) had the highest average milk retinol level (329 +/- 84 mug/kg [mean +/- SEM]), followed by cattle (n = 25; 2.47 +/- 32 mug/kg), and camels (n = 12; 120 +/- 18 mug/kg). Milk retinol levels did not differ between the rainy and dry seasons. Human serum retinol depends significantly on livestock milk retinol levels (partial slope 0.23; 95% CI: 0.008-0.47). Our study supports the use of goat and cow milk as an important source of vitamin A in pastoral nomadic settings. However, the levels still require to be complemented further by promoting green leafy vegetables, fruits, and supplements.
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