Journal
AIDS
Volume 16, Issue 10, Pages 1319-1329Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200207050-00003
Keywords
HIV-1; dendritic cells; CD4 T cells; CD8 T cells; apoptosis; antigen presentation; immune response
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-56000] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00102] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI 47742, AI 44628] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: The CD4 T cells in mucosal subepithelia are the first cells to become infected during sexual transmission of HIV-1. Dendritic cells (DC) are located in the same area and are known to play a central role in antiviral immune responses. However, extensive viral replication, syncytia formation and cell death follows the interaction between T cells and DC previously exposed to HIV-1. Despite this, anti-HIV responses are generated that control viremia following acute infection. Objective: The anti-HIV-1 cellular immune responses observed may be activated by sources other than productively infected DC. HIV-1 induces apoptosis both in cells it infects and in bystander cells. Furthermore, retroviral replication typically generates a predominance of defective particles. We tested whether DC exposed to antigen from either of these sources could elicit anti-HIV specific immune responses. Design and methods: Apoptotic or necrotic monocytes infected with vaccinia virus vectors encoding HIV antigens, a cell line with integrated HIV-1 and apoptotic CD4 T cells pulsed with non-infectious or infectious HIV-1 virus were used as sources of antigens to assess cross presentation by DC. Furthermore, direct DC presentation of antigen from non-infectious and infectious HIV-1 was examined. Results: We find that dead cells expressing HIV-1 antigens as well as non-infectious HIV-1 particles can be acquired and processed by DC, leading to the activation, differentiation and expansion of viral antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells from seropositive individuals. Conclusions: These sources of antigens may be critical for the generation and maintenance of anti-HIV-1 immunity by DC. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
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