Journal
PHYSICS LETTERS A
Volume 300, Issue 2-3, Pages 175-181Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00808-3
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It is pointed out that quantum states, in general, contain a new kind of orders that cannot be characterized by symmetry. A concept of quantum order is introduced to describe such orders. As two concrete examples, we discussed quantum orders in free fermion systems and in 2D spin-1/2 systems. We generalize the Landau's theory for the classical orders and introduce projective symmetry group and Fermi surface topology to characterize different quantum orders. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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