Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 193, Issue 1-2, Pages 129-135Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00106-5
Keywords
macrophage; gender; cytokines; trauma; interleukin-6; gonadal steroids hormones
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Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [AA12034] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [AG18859] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55344] Funding Source: Medline
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There is a naturally occurring gender difference in immune responses which persists after traumatic injury. Physiological levels of 17beta-estradiol (E-2) are immunostimulatory, whereas high pregnancy and superphysiological levels are immunosuppressive. In contrast, at all concentrations, testosterone suppresses immune responses. Evidence from this laboratory and others suggest that the gender difference in immune responses after injury is mediated in part by alterations in the circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones through modulation of production of inflammatory. and immunoregulatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Aberrant production of IL-6 is known to be an important mediator of immunity after injury. Since E-2 is a critical regulator of IL-6 production and overall immune function, it suggests gender specific therapies should be considered for the treatment of patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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