Regulation of carotenoid synthesis and accumulation in plants

Although genes that encode most enzymes of the carotenoid pathway in higher plants have been identified, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoid pigments are still obscure. Recent findings relevant to two aspects of carotenoid pathway control are reviewed: availability of substrate and pathway branching. Experimental approaches that are likely to enhance our understanding of carotenoid pathway regulation are also described.