Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 13, Issue 4-5, Pages 413-421Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6101(02)00026-6
Keywords
cytokine signaling; inflammation; interleukin
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Inflammation progresses by the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), gamma-interferon (IFNgamma), IL-12, IL-18, and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and is resolved by anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IFNalpha, and the transforming growth factor (TGF)beta. The intracellular signal transduction pathways of these cytokines have been studied extensively, and these pathways ultimately activate transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, Smad, and STATs. Recently, the negative-feedback regulation of these pathways has been identified. In this review, we provide examples of the relationship between cytokine signal transduction, negative-signal regulation, and inflammatory disease models. Furthermore, we illustrate several approaches for treating inflammatory diseases by modulating extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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