Journal
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 124, Issue 2, Pages 646-651Publisher
UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
DOI: 10.1086/341392
Keywords
cosmology : observations; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : fundamental parameters; galaxies : stellar content
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A complete sample of 7.7 x 10(4) galaxies with five-band imaging and spectroscopic redshifts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is used to determine the fraction of the optical luminosity density of the local universe (redshifts 0.02 < z < 0.22) emitted by red galaxies. The distribution in the space of rest-frame color, central surface brightness, and concentration is shown to be highly clustered and bimodal; galaxies fall primarily into one of two distinct classes. One class is red, concentrated, and high in surface brightness; the other is bluer, less concentrated, and lower in central surface brightness. Elliptical and bulge-dominated galaxies preferentially belong to the red class. Even with a very restrictive definition of the red class that includes limits on color, surface brightness, and concentration, the class comprises roughly one-fifth of the number density of galaxies more luminous than 0.05L* and produces two-fifths of the total cosmic galaxy luminosity density at 0.7 mum. The natural interpretation is that a large fraction of the stellar mass density of the local universe is in very old stellar populations.
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